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1. A GAMS model is a collection of statements in the GAMS Language. The only rule governing the ordering of
statements is that an entity of the model cannot be referenced before it is declared to exist.
2. GAMS statements may be laid out typographically in almost any style that is appealing to the user. Multiple lines per
statement, embedded blank lines, and multiple statements per line are allowed. You will get a good idea of what is
allowed from the examples in this tutorial, but precise rules of the road are given in the next Chapter.
3. When you are a beginning GAMS user, you should terminate every statement with a semicolon, as in our examples.
The GAMS compiler does not distinguish between upper-and lowercase letters, so you are free to use either.
4. Documentation is crucial to the usefulness of mathematical models. It is more useful (and most likely to be accurate)
if it is embedded within the model itself rather than written up separately. There are at least two ways to insert
documentation within a GAMS model. First, any line that starts with an asterisk in column 1 is disregarded as a
comment line by the GAMS compiler. Second, perhaps more important, documentary text can be inserted within
specific GAMS statements. All the lowercase words in the transportation model are examples of the second form of
documentation.
5. As you can see from the list of input components above, the creation of GAMS entities involves two steps: a declaration
and an assignment or definition. Declaration means declaring the existence of something and giving it a name.
Assignment or definition means giving something a specific value or form. In the case of equations, you must make the
declaration and definition in separate GAMS statements. For all other GAMS entities, however, you have the option of
making declarations and assignments in the same statement or separately.
6. The names
Note that set elements are stored as character strings, so the elements of t are not numbers.
Another convenient feature is the alias statement, which is used to give another name to a previously declared set. In the
following example:
Alias (t,tp);
the name tp is like a t0 in mathematical notation. It is useful in models that are concerned with the interactions of elements
within the same set.
The sets i, j, t, and m in the statements above are examples of static sets, i.e., they are assigned their members directly by the
user and do not change. GAMS has several capabilities for creating dynamic sets, which acquire their members through the
execution of set-theoretic and logical operations. Dynamic sets are discussed in Chapter Dynamic Sets. Another valuable
advanced feature is multidimensional sets, which are discussed in Section Multi-dimensional Sets.
通用代数建模系统(GAMS)是数学编程和优化的建模系统。它由一个语言编译器和一个稳定的集成各种高性能的求解器组成。GAMS适用于复杂的、大规模的建模应用,并允许您创建大的维护模型以很快的适应新的情况。
独立的模型和数据
你可以编写独立的模型数据,包括各种不同来源的数据,从ASCII到Excel或者Access 以及其他各种来源。比如使用GDX(GAMS数据交换)文件格式。GDX文件可以保存一个或多个GAMS符号的值,比如集、参数变量和方程。GDX文件可以为GAMS模型准备数据、展示GAMS模型的结果、使用不同的参数为这同一个模型保存结果等。GDX文件不能保存一个模型的公式或者执行语句。GDX文件二进制文件,可在不同平台进行移植。
独立的模型和平台
模型在平台间是完全可移植的---写一次,可以在任意地方运行。
GAMS可以在Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, SOLARIS, Sparc Solaris和 IBM Power AIX上运行。
独立的模型和用户界面
面向对象的GAMA API允许GAMS无缝整合到为交互提供适当类别的应用中。这三个面向对象GAMS API是.NET, Java和Python与.NET framework 4 (Visual Studio 2010)、Java SE 5或较高版本以及Python 3.4, 2.7和2.6。
除了面向对象的GAMA API,还有级别(或级别) 的GAMS API,它们的使用要求有高深知识的GAMS组件库。
除了API, GAMS还提供智能链接到应用程序,如MS Excel, MatLab或R。用户可以在这个环境中继续工作,通过一个API就可以访问GAMS所有的优化功能。这就允许应用中的模型数据和结果可以可视化和分析了。
大型、**用户社区
**过120多个国家的不同领域的跨国公司、学校、研究机构和都在使用GAMS,包括能源化工、经济建模、农业规划或制造业。
面向对象的GAMA API允许GAMS无缝整合到为交互提供适当类别的应用中。这三个面向对象GAMS API是.NET, Java
和Python与.NET framework 4 (Visual Studio 2010)、Java SE 5或较高版本以及Python 3.4, 2.7和2.6。
除了面向对象的GAMA API,还有级别(或级别) 的GAMS API,它们的使用要求有高深知识的GAMS组件库。
除了API, GAMS还提供智能链接到应用程序,如MS Excel, MatLab或R。用户可以在这个环境中继续工作,通过一个
API就可以访问GAMS所有的优化功能。这就允许应用中的模型数据和结果可以可视化和分析了。
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